4 points, 721 Broadway, 6th floor, Classroom 612
In 1959, a then thirty-five year old James Baldwin, worked as an assistant and sort of apprentice to the great stage director, Elia Kazan, who had made his name helming classics such as Tennesee Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1947) and Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" (1949). In these and other works, Kazan brought a heightened sense of emotional realism to the stage; an "actor's director," he paid particular attention to the ways the performer's interior reality might be reflected through the character's own.
By the time Baldwin began working with Kazan, he had published two novels--"Go Tell It On the Mountain" (1952) and "Giovanni's Room" (1955)--and the classic essay collection, "Notes of a Native Son" (1955). In each, Baldwin had not only written about the Black experience--and, indirectly, queerness--but the legacy of the South: what Black Americans bought with them, and encountered in the North. (Baldwin was born in Harlem Hospital in 1924.)
He also had a great interest in the stage. In 1954, Baldwin's first full length play, "The Amen Corner," was produced at Howard University. Working with Kazan was not only a way of learning the mechanics of theatre, but how to expand his vision in order to test its parameters.
The play Baldwin and Kazan worked on in 1959 was by Mississippi born Tennessee Williams (1911--1971). Titled "Sweet Bird of Youth," it starred Geraldine Page and Paul Newman as a fading movie star, and hopeful actors on the make.
Set in a small town, the drama, Williams' eighth on Broadway, described the vicissitudes of show business--and a society founded on violence. In his essay on Page, Baldwin describes the art of acting as being essentially "ineffable"--something he cannot describe. Still, we can see Page and Newman's work in the 1962 watered down film version, which retains some of that historic Broadway production's vitality.
Even though Baldwin and Williams only crossed professional paths once, their work expressed similar concerns: man's injustice to man, the marginalization of queer life in what Williams called these Disunited States.
In "Dirty South," we will examine the early American theatre that fostered Baldwin and William's interest in the form, and their interest, too, in community on and off the stage. In addition to reading primary works by both authors, we will read those artists, ranging from Chekov to Eugene O'Neill, and Arthur Miller to Lorraine Hansberry, among others, who inspired Baldwin and Wiliams to make the drama not only political, but reflective of their epoch.